Factors considered to have a possible effect on the risk of experiencing PONV (nausea and/or vomiting) included age, female gender, body mass index (BMI), nonsmoking status, history of migraine, motion sickness and PONV, type of anesthesia (general or locoregional), and type and duration of surgery (> 100 min or not). The overall incidence of nausea was 19%, and that of vomiting was 10%. The score constructed by Apfel et al. , female gender, history of motion sickness, or PONV), anesthetic factors (e.g. 36Furthermore, nausea intensity was assessed using a VAS device as a secondary end point. Neuromuscular blocking agents, including atracurium or rocuronium, were administered in 385 (80%) of the patients. Inclusion was prospective and consecutive. , they most often did and did not occur together). Postoperative nausea and vomiting results from patient factors, surgical & anesthetic factors. The majority of them received midazolam (92%) and atropine (74%). AUC = area under the curve; BMI = body mass index; NSAID = nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; PONV = postoperative nausea and vomiting; PVAS = persistence of VAS pain scores; VAS = visual analog scale; T max = time of the maximal pain score. To control for postoperative factors, VAS pain parameters (AUC, mean VAS, VASmax, Tmax, and PVAS > 3) and analgesic drugs (morphine, paracetamol, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) were also included in the Dale model. Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting KENNY, G. N. C. 1994-01-01 00:00:00 Summary Although the aetiology o postoperative nausea and vomiting is not completely clear, a number o key contributing factors f f increase the risk for an individual patient. To our knowledge, this is the first that accounts for the high association between the two outcomes. A clear relationship can be seen between the two outcomes and type of surgery. Conversely, among the 66 patients with vomiting, 53 (80%) had nausea. The patients preoperative characteristics are summarized in table 1. A sample of 671 surgical patients with complete case report forms was included in the study. , droperidol, or more antiemetic efficacy, i.e. 1,32Postoperative pain did not influence nausea and vomiting. POSTOPERATIVE nausea and vomiting—usually summarized as PONV—remains one of the most common and distressing complications after surgery. At the time of the preoperative visit, a case report form was filled out for each patient by the attending anesthesiologist. PONV risk factors have been described in the literature since the late 1800s (20). Statistical calculations were carried out by means of the SAS package (SAS Institute, Cary, NC; version 8 for Windows), always using all data available. Edited by Strunin L, Rowbotham D, Miles A. London, Aesculapius Medical Press, 1999, pp 13–30, Tramèr MR: A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: Evidence from systematic reviews: Part I. Efficacy and harm of antiemetic interventions, and methodological issues. To confirm the results of the present study, larger-scale trials using a similar methodological approach should be carried out, not only in other centers but also on other surgical patient populations, e.g. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42: 502–9, Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G: Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted. 13Administration of propofol for anesthesia induction and/or maintenance did not reduce the risk for early nausea or delayed vomiting in our surgical population. | By Pete Chapman [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Figure 1 â Opioid analgesics, such as diamorphine hydrochloride, ⦠By retching or vomiting received a similar amount of sufentanil used was 23.3 ± 53.9 μg of vomiting appeared. 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